Chronic trauma (according to the meaning I propose) that occurs early in life has profound effects on personality development and can lead to the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID), other dissociative disorders, personality disorders, psychotic thinking, and a host of symptoms such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and substance abuse. In my view, DID is simply an extreme version of the dissociative structure of the psyche that characterizes us all.
Elizabeth F. HowellTags: psychology depression development anxiety mental-health dissociation schizophrenia child-abuse trauma eating-disorders psychosis dissociative-identity-disorder traumatic mpd dissociative chronic-trauma personality-disorders
Dissociation, in a general sense, refers to a rigid separation of parts of experiences, including somatic experiences, consciousness, affects, perception, identity, and memory. When there is a structural dissociation, each of the dissociated self-states has at least a rudimentary sense of "I" (Van der Hart et al., 2004). In my view, all of the environmentally based "psychopathology" or problems in living can be seen through this lens.
Elizabeth F. HowellTags: perception identity childhood psychology memory depression personality dissociation child-abuse trauma multiple-personality-disorder parts mpd dissociative alters
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