Here we see the word "brain" occurring for the first time in human speech, as far as it is known to us; and in discussing injuries affecting the brain, we note the surgeon's effort to delimit his terms as he selects for specialization a series of common and current words to designate three degrees of injury to the skull indicated in modern surgery by the terms "fracture", "compound fracture," and "compound comminuted fracture," all of which the ancient commentator carefully explains.
James Henry BreastedTags: brain ancient-egyptians ancient-medicine ancient-surgery
The seat of consciousness and intelligence was from the earliest times regarded by the Egyptians as both the heart and the bowels or abdomen. Our surgeon, however, has observed the fact that injuries to the brain affect other parts of the body, especially in his experience the lower limbs. He notes the drag or shuffle of one foot, presumably the partial paralysis resulting from a cranial wound, and the ancient commentator carefully explains the meaning of the obsolete word used for "shuffle.
James Henry BreastedTags: brain neuroscience ancient-egyptians ancient-medicine
the first physician who is known to have counted the pulse, Herophilos of Alexandria (born 300 B.C.), lived in Egypt.
James Henry BreastedTags: heartbeat ancient-egyptians ancient-medicine
the distinction between nerves and vessels was not demonstrated until the Third Century B.C., when it was made clear by Erasistratos.
James Henry BreastedTags: ancient-greeks nervous-system ancient-medicine circulatory-system
Increase Mather, President of Harvard University, in his treatise on Remarkable Providences, insists that the smell of herbs alarms the Devil and that medicine expels him. Such beliefs have probably even now not wholly disappeared from among us.
James Henry BreastedTags: devil harvard folklore herbs ancient-medicine increase-mather
Very often conditions are recorded as observable "under thy fingers" [...] Among such observations it is important to notice that the pulsations of the human heart are observed.
James Henry BreastedTags: biology anatomy pulse human-heart ancient-egypt hieroglyphic ancient-medicine philology medical-history
[...] we have in our treatise a series of fifty-seven examinations, almost exclusively of injuries of the human body forming a group of observations furnishing us with the earliest known nucleus of fact regarding the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the human body. Crude and elementary as they are, the method by which they were collected was scientific, and these observations, together with the diagnoses and the explanatory commentary in the ancient glosses, form the oldest body of science now extant.
James Henry BreastedTags: biology anatomy ancient-egypt hieroglyphic ancient-medicine medical-history
The attention given to the side of the head which has received the injury, in connection with a specific reference to the side of the body nervously affected, is in itself evidence that in this case the ancient surgeon was already beginning observations on the localization of functions in the brain.
James Henry BreastedTags: biology brain neuroscience anatomy injuries ancient-egypt hieroglyphic ancient-medicine medical-history
Speechlessness, however, affirmed in the diagnosis, is carefully based on the facts of the examination, as we see by rendering the statements concerned, just as they stand in examination and diagnosis: "If thou examinest a man having a wound in the temple, ...; if thou ask of him concerning his malady and he speak not to thee; ...; thou shouldst say concerning him, 'One having a wound in his temple, ... (and) he is speechless'.
James Henry BreastedTags: speech brain neuroscience anatomy ancient-egypt hieroglyphic disorders ancient-medicine medical-history frontal-lobe speech-pathology
[...] the success of Egyptian surgery in setting broken bones is very fully demonstrated in the large number of well-joined fractures found in the ancient skeletons.
James Henry BreastedTags: biology anatomy archaeology ancient-egypt fractures skeletons ancient-medicine broken-bones medical-history
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