Stalin’s position seems ambiguous here: one can imagine a Stalinist purge as the effort to liquidate all chimney sweepers who disturb socialist harmony – but was Stalin himself also not the supreme sweeper?
Slavoj ŽižekWhat one should add here is that self-consciousness is itself unconscious: we are not aware of the point of our self-consciousness. If ever there was a critic of the fetishizing effect of fascinating and dazzling "leitmotifs", it is Adorno: in his devastating analysis of Wagner, he tries to demonstrate how Wagnerian leitmotifs serve as fetishized elements of easy recognition and thus constitute a kind of inner-structural commodification of his music. It is then a supreme irony that traces of this same fetishizing procedure can be found in Adorno's own writings. Many of his provocative one-liners do effectively capture a profound insight or at least touch on a crucial point (for example: "Nothing is more true in pscyhoanalysis than its exaggeration"); however, more often than his partisans are ready to admit, Adorno gets caught up in his own game, infatuated with his own ability to produce dazzlingly "effective" paradoxical aphorisms at the expense of theoretical substance (recall the famous line from Dialectic of Englightment on how Hollywood's ideological maniuplation of social reality realized Kant's idea of the transcendental constitution of reality). In such cases where the dazzling "effect" of the unexpected short-circuit (here between Hollywood cinema and Kantian ontology) effectively overshadows the theoretical line of argumentation, the brilliant paradox works precisely in the same manner as the Wagnerian leitmotif: instead of serving as a nodal point in the complex network of structural mediation, it generates idiotic pleasure by focusing attention on itself. This unintended self-reflexivity is something of which Adorno undoubtedly was not aware: his critique of the Wagnerian leitmotif was an allegorical critique of his own writing. Is this not an exemplary case of his unconscious reflexivity of thinking? When criticizing his opponent Wagner, Adorno effectively deploys a critical allegory of his own writing - in Hegelese, the truth of his relation to the Other is a self-relation.
Slavoj ŽižekStichwörter: irony self-consciousness
[L]iberals insist that children should be given the right to remain part of their particular community, but on condition that they are given a choice. But for, say, Amish children to really have a free choice of which way of life to choose, either their parents’ life or that of the “English,” they would have to be properly informed on all the options, educated in them, and the only way to do what would be to extract them from their embeddedness in the Amish community, in other words, to effectively render them “English.” This also clearly demonstrates the limitations of the standard liberal attitude towards Muslim women wearing a veil: it is deemed acceptable if it is their free choice and not an option imposed on them by their husbands or family. However, the moment a woman wears a veil as the result of her free individual choice, the meaning of her act changes completely: it is no longer a sign of her direct substantial belongingness to the Muslim community, but an expression of her idiosyncratic individuality, of her spiritual quest and her protest against the vulgarity of the commodification of sexuality, or else a political gesture of protest against the West. A choice is always a meta-choice, a choice of the modality of choice itself: it is one thing to wear a veil because of one’s immediate immersion in a tradition; it is quite another to refuse to wear a veil; and yet another to wear one not out of a sense of belonging, but as an ethico-political choice. This is why, in our secular societies based on “choice,” people who maintain a substantial religious belonging are in a subordinate position: even if they are allowed to practice their beliefs, these beliefs are “tolerated” as their idiosyncratic personal choice or opinion; they moment they present them publicly as what they really are for them, they are accused of “fundamentalism.” What this means is that the “subject of free choice” (in the Western “tolerant” multicultural sense) can only emerge as the result of an extremely violent process of being torn away from one’s particular lifeworld, of being cut off from one’s roots.
Slavoj ŽižekStichwörter: philosophy
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The moment we think in the terms of 'Yes, the WTC collapse was a tragedy, but we should not fully solidarize with the victims, since this would mean supporting US imperialism', the ethical catastrophe is already here: the only appropriate stance is unconditional solidarity with all victims.
Slavoj ŽižekStichwörter: world-trade-center
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هل المتظاهرون عنيفون؟ حقيقي أن لغتهم ربما تبدو محاربة "احتلوا! وهكذا.." ولكنهم عنيفون فقط بطريقة المهاتما غاندي نفسها، إنهم عنيفون بالقدر الذي يريدون فيه أن يضعوا عائقا في الطريق الذي تمضي عليه اﻷشياء.
Slavoj Žižekالمتظاهرون ببساطة يدعون من هم في السلطة للنظر إلى أسفل، إلى الهاوية المفتوحة تحت أقدامهم
Slavoj Žižekبزوغ حركة تظاهر دولية بدون برنامج متماسك هي بالتالي ليست مصادفة، إنها تعكس أزمة أعمق، أزمة بدون حل واضح. الديمقراطية مؤسسة على حكم القانون. الديمقراطية تعمل فحسب داخل حدود واضحة وبين أناس يشعرون بأنفسهم كجزء من الدولة نفسها. "مجتمع دولي" ﻻ يمكن أن تطلب الوفاء بمحفظة وقائية عالمية من مليار دوﻻر، بقياداتها المحتمين بملاذ من الضرائب وموظفيها المتناثرين حول العالم.
Slavoj Žižekكيف نستطيع مأسسة صناعة القرار الجمعي فيما وراء إطار عمل النظام متعدد اﻷحزاب الديمقراطي؟ أو لنقل ذلك بشكل فظ: من يعلم ما ينبغي فعله اليوم؟ ﻻ توجد ذات تعرف، ﻻ في شكل المثقفين وﻻ الناس العاديين. هل هناك مأذق إذن، حالة اﻷعمى الذي يقود أعمى، أو بدقة أكبر، أعمى يقود أعمى في حين أن كلا منهما يفترض أن اﻵخر بإمكانه الرؤية؟ ﻻ، ﻷن الجهل المزدوج ليس سيمتريا. إنهم الناس الذين يملكون الإجابات، إنهم فقط ﻻ يعرفون اﻷسئلة التي يملكون -أو باﻷحرى هم- إجاباتها.
Slavoj Žižekالفساد بين السياسيين ورجال اﻷعمال والبنكيون يتركنا بﻻ حيلة
Slavoj Žižekأول درس يجب تعلمه هو عدم لوم الأفراد ومواقفهم، المشكلة ليست فساد الفرد وجشعه، ولكن النظام الذي يشجعه على الفساد. الحل ليس شعار "في الشوارع الرئيسية وليس وول ستريت"، ولكن في تغيير النظام الذي يجعل الشوارع الرئيسية معتمدة على وول ستريت.
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