Henos aquí de nuevo en la iglesia y en el Estado. Es verdad que en esa organización nueva, establecida, como todas las organizaciones políticas antiguas, por la gracia de Dios, pero apoyada esta vez, al menos en la forma, a guisa de concesión necesaria al espíritu moderno, y como en los preámbulos de los decretos imperiales de Napoleón III, sobre la voluntad (ficticia) del pueblo; la iglesia no se llamará ya iglesia, se llamará escuela. Pero sobre los bancos de esa escuela no se sentarán solamente los niños: estará el menor eterno, el escolar reconocido incapaz para siempre de sufrir sus exámenes, de elevarse a la ciencia de sus maestros y de pasarse sin su disciplina: el pueblo. El Estado no se llamará ya monarquía, se llamará república, pero no dejará de ser Estado, es decir, una tutela oficial y relarmente establecida por una minoría de hombres competentes, de hombres de genio o de talento, virtuosos, para vigilar y para dirigir la conducta de ese gran incorregible y niño terrible: el Pueblo. Los profesores de la escuela y los funcionarios del Estado se harán republicanos; pero no serán por eso menos tutores, pastores, y el pueblo permanecerá siendo lo que ha sido eternamente hasta aquí: un rebaño. Cuidado entonces con los esquiladores; porque allí donde hay un rebaño, habrá necesariamente también esquiladores y aprovechadores del rebaño.
El pueblo, en ese sistema, será el escolar y el pupilo eterno. A pesar de su soberanía completamente ficticia, continuará sirviendo de instrumento a pensamientos, a voluntades y por consiguiente también a intereses que no serán los suyos. Entre esta situación y la que llamamos de libertad, de verdadera libertad, hay un abismo. Habrá, bajo formas nuevas, la antigua opresión y la antigua esclavitud, y allí donde existe la esclavitud, están la miseria, el embrutecimiento, la verdadera materialización de la sociedad, tanto de las clases privilegiadas, como de las masas.
Si Dieu est, l'homme est esclave ; or l'homme peut, doit être libre, donc Dieu n'existe pas. Je défie qui que ce soit de sortir de ce cercle; et maintenant, qu'on choisisse.
Mikhail BakuninReal humanity presents a mixture of all that is most sublime and beautiful with all that is vilest and most monstrous in the world.
Mikhail BakuninIt should be added that, in general, it is the character of every metaphysical and theological argument to seek to explain one absurdity by another.
Mikhail BakuninTags: anarchism theism dialectics
Freedom without socialism is privilege and injustice; socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality
Mikhail BakuninThe supreme law of the State is self-preservation at any cost. And since all States, ever since they came to exist upon the earth, have been condemned to perpetual struggle — a struggle against their own populations, whom they oppress and ruin, a struggle against all foreign States, every one of which can be strong only if the others are weak — and since the States cannot hold their own in this struggle unless they constantly keep on augmenting their power against their own subjects as well as against the neighborhood States — it follows that the supreme law of the State is the augmentation of its power to the detriment of internal liberty and external justice.
Mikhail BakuninThe idea of humanity becomes more and more of a power in the civilized world, and, owing to the expansion and increasing speed of means of communication, and also owing to the influence, still more material than moral, of civilization upon barbarous peoples, this idea of humanity begins to take hold even of the minds of uncivilized nations. This idea is the invisible power of our century, with which the present powers — the States — must reckon. They cannot submit to it of their own free will because such submission on their part would be equivalent to suicide, since the triumph of humanity can be realized only through the destruction of the States. But the States can no longer deny this idea nor openly rebel against it, for having now grown too strong, it may finally destroy them.
In the face of this fainful alternative there remains only one way out: and that is hypocrisy. The States pay their outward respects to this idea of humanity; they speak and apparently act only in the name of it, but they violate it every day. This, however, should not be held against the States. They cannot act otherwise, their position having become such that they can hold their own only by lying. Diplomacy has no other mission.
Therefore what do we see? Every time a State wants to declare war upon another State, it starts off by launching a manifesto addressed not only to its own subjects but to the whole world. In this manifesto it declares that right and justice are on its side, and it endeavors to prove that it is actuated only by love of peace and humanity and that, imbued with generous and peaceful sentiments, it suffered for a long time in silence until the mounting iniquity of its enemy forced it to bare its sword. At the same time it vows that, disdainful of all material conquest and not seeking any increase in territory, it will put and end to this war as soon as justice is reestablished. And its antagonist answers with a similar manifesto, in which naturally right, justice, humanity, and all the generous sentiments are to be found respectively on its side.
Those mutually opposed manifestos are written with the same eloquence, they breathe the same virtuous indignation, and one is just as sincere as the other; that is to say both of them are equally brazen in their lies, and it is only fools who are deceived by them. Sensible persons, all those who have had some political experience, do not even take the trouble of reading such manifestos. On the contrary, they seek ways to uncover the interests driving both adversaries into this war, and to weigh the respective power of each of them in order to guess the outcome of the struggle. Which only goes to prove that moral issues are not at stake in such wars.
Tags: humanity state anarchism wars
If you took the most ardent revolutionary, vested him in absolute power, within a year he would be worse than the Tsar himself.
Mikhail BakuninTags: politics lenin marx anarchism socialism marxism libertarian libertarianism anarchist communism-patriotism-inspiration chomsky leninism marxist libertarian-socialism state-socialism
We are convinced that liberty without socialism is privilege, injustice; and that socialism without liberty is slavery and brutality.
Mikhail BakuninTags: liberty freedom socialism libertarian libertarian-socialism
Do you want to make it impossible for anyone to oppress his fellow-man? Then make sure that no one shall possess power.
Mikhail BakuninTags: oppression anarchy anarchism
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