What do we really want from religion? Palliatives? Therapy? Comfort? Do we want reassuring fables or an understanding of our actual circumstances? Dismay that the Universe does not conform to our preferences seems childish. You might think that grown-ups would be ashamed to put such thoughts into print. The fashionable way of doing this is not to blame the Universe -- which seems truly pointless -- but rather to blame the means by which we know the Universe, namely science.
Carl SaganMots clés science religion religion-and-science
O Universo é algo que gera reverência, respeito. Em termos de tempo e espaço, sua escala torna a existência humana microscópica. É fascinante que as leis da natureza sejam as mesmas em todo o cosmos. A lei da gravidade, por exemplo, funciona aqui como a 1 bilhão de anos-luz de distância. Olhemos para cada detalhe, mínimo que seja, como para uma folha, e veremos que sua perfeição e harmonia são deslumbrantes. Creio que a folha resulta do processo de seleção natural, indicado por Darwin, ao longo de quase bilhões de anos de evolução da vida na Terra. Se olhamos essa mesma folha através de um microscópio, ficamos ainda mais maravilhados. Se alguém quer chamar esse sentimento de religioso, isso não me incomoda.
Carl SaganWe must understand the Cosmos as it is and not confuse how it is with how we wish it to be.
Carl SaganMots clés science perspective understanding
In general, human societies are not innovative. They are hierarchical and ritualistic. Suggestions for change are greeted with suspicion: they imply an unpleasant future variation in ritual and hierarchy: an exchange of one set of rituals for another, or perhaps for a less structured society with fewer rituals. And yet there are times when societies must change.
Carl SaganEl Universo no parece ni benigno ni hostil, simplemente indiferente a las preocupaciones de seres tan insignificantes como nosotros.
Carl SaganCuando la gravedad es lo bastante elevada no deja escapar nada, ni siquiera la luz. Un lugar así recibe el nombre de agujero negro. Es una especie de gato cósmico de Chesire, enigmáticamente indiferente a lo que le rodea.
Carl SaganIt never happens that a new constellation suddenly rises out of the east. There is an order, a predictability, a permanence about the stars. In a way, they are almost comforting.
Carl SaganCompared to a star, we are like mayflies, fleeting ephemeral creatures who live out their whole lives in the course of a single day. From the point of view of a mayfly, human beings are stolid, boring, almost entirely immovable, offering hardly a hint that they ever do anything. From the point of view of a star, a human being is a tiny flash, one of billions of brief lives flickering tenuously on the surface of a strangely cold, anomalously solid, exotically remote sphere of silicate and iron.
Carl SaganThe study of the galaxies reveals a universal order and beauty. It also shows us chaotic violence on a scale hitherto undreamed of. That we live in a universe which permits life is remarkable. That we live in one which destroys galaxies and stars and worlds is also remarkable. The universe seems neither benign nor hostile, merely indifferent to the concerns of such puny creatures as we.
Carl SaganNo civilization can possibly survive to an interstellar spacefaring phase unless it limits its numbers.
Any society with a marked population explosion will be forced to devote all its energies and technological skills to feeding and caring for the population on its home planet. This is a very powerful conclusion and is in no way based on the idiosyncrasies of a particular civilization. On any planet, no matter what its biology or social system, an exponential increase in population will swallow every resource. Conversely, any civilization that engages in serious interstellar exploration and colonization must have exercised zero population growth or something very close to it for many generations.
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