What we firmly believe, if it is true, is called knowledge, provided it is either intuitive or inferred (logically or psychologically) from intuitive knowledge from which it follows logically. What we firmly believe, if it is not true, is called error. What we firmly believe, if it is neither knowledge nor error, and also what we believe hesitatingly, because it is, or is derived from, something which has not the highest degree of self-evidence, may be called probable opinion. Thus the greater part of what would commonly pass as knowledge is more or less probable opinion.
Bertrand Russellإن الضرر الذى ألحقه اللاهوت لا يتلخص فقط فى خلق نوازع القسوة بل أيضاً فى اضفاء الشرعية على التظاهر بالأخلاق السامية وإضفاء ما يبدو أنه قداسة على ممارسات ترجع إلى عصور أكثر جهلاً وبربرية.
Bertrand Russellإن التحسن فى صحة الإنسان وإطالة عمره الناجمين عن مراعاة قواعد العامة هى أبرز خصائص العصر الذى نعيشه ومن أكثرها مرعاة للإعجاب. وحتى لو أن العلم لم يفعل أكثر من هذا لسعادة الإنسان فإن هذا يكفينا كى نشعر نحوه بالامتنان : وسوف يجد الذين يؤمنون بفائدة المذاهب اللاهوتية صعوبة فى إبراز أية مزايا مماثلة يمكن أن يكونوا قدموها من ناحيتهم إلى الجنس البشرى.
Bertrand Russellرغم أن اللاهوت يحاول أن بتدخل فى الطب حيث يفترض بوجه خاص وجود مشكلات أخلاقية فإن الطب استطاع أن يحقق انتصاراً على اللاهوت فى معظم المعارك الدائرة بينهما.
Bertrand RussellAll human activity is prompted by desire.
Bertrand RussellTag: living favorite popular reference best-christian-book-on-the-web
The special skill of the politician consists in knowing what passions can be most easily aroused, and how to prevent them, when aroused, from being harmful to himself and his associates...Moreover, since politicians are divided into rival groups, they aim at similarly dividing the nation, unless they have the good fortune to unite it in war against some other nation.
Bertrand RussellTag: politics power politicians
The world is full of injustice, and those who profit by injustice are in a position to administer rewards and punishments. The rewards go to those who invent ingenious justifications for inequality, the punishments to those who try to remedy it.
Bertrand RussellDuring the war, the holders of power in all countries found it necessary to bribe the populations into cooperation by unusual concessions. Wage-earners were allowed a living wage, Hindus were told they were men and brothers, women were given the vote, and young people were allowed to enjoy those innocent pleasures of which the old, in the name of morality, always wish to rob them. The war being won, the victors set to work to deprive their tools of advantages temporarily conceded.
Bertrand RussellTag: truth power world-war-1
The power of reason is thought small in these days, but I remain an unrepentant rationalist. Reason may be a small force, but it is constant, and works always in one direction, while the forces of unreason destroy one another in futile strife. Therefore every orgy of unreason in the end strengthens the friends of reason, and shows afresh that they are the only true friends of humanity.
Bertrand RussellTag: truth thinking reason rationality
The skill of the politician consists in guessing what people can be brought to think advantageous to themselves; the skill of the experts consists in calculating what really is advantageous, provided people can be brought to think so. (The proviso is essential, because measures which arouse serious resentment are seldom advantageous, whatever merits they may have otherwise.) The power of the politician, in a democracy, depends upon his adopting the opinions which seem right to the average man. It is useless to urge that politicians ought to be high-minded enough to advocate what enlightened opinion considers good, because if they do they are swept aside for others.
Bertrand RussellTag: politics truth power politicians
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